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{{Infobox rai-fellow
| first_name = Harold Jefferson Jr ('Hal')
| name = Coolidge
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Coolidge,_Harold_Jefferson_Jr_('Hal').jpg
| birth_date = 1904
| death_date = 1985
| address = 303 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass. USA<br />Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. [1933]
| occupation =
| elected_ESL =
| elected_ASL =
| elected_AI = 1928.06.19
| elected_APS =
| elected_LAS =
| membership = ordinary fellow
| left = 1933 last listed
| clubs =
| societies =
}}
== Notes ==
=== Office Notes ===
=== House Notes ===
1928.06.19 nominated and elected forthwith
=== Notes From Elsewhere ===
Harold Jefferson Coolidge Jr. (January 15, 1904[1] – February 15, 1985[2]) was an American zoologist and a founding director of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).[3]<br />Coolidge was born in Boston, Massachusetts; his father Harold Jefferson Coolidge Sr. (1870–1934) was the brother of Archibald Cary Coolidge and Julian Coolidge.<br /><br />Coolidge studied at Milton Academy and at the University of Arizona before entering Harvard. Originally, he had wanted to become a diplomat, like his uncle Archibald Cary Coolidge, but he soon turned to biology, specializing in primatology.[4] After getting a B.S. from Harvard in 1927, he worked as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology.<br /><br />Coolidge participated in the Harvard Medical Expedition to Africa in 1926/27 to Liberia and the Belgian Congo, from where he brought back a large gorilla[5] that is still on display at the Museum of Comparative Zoology.[6] In 1929 he published "A revision of the genus Gorilla", which forms the basis of the modern taxonomy of the genus Gorilla.[7]<br /><br />Coolidge participated in the Kelley-Roosevelt Expedition to Asia in 1928/29,[5] and in 1937, he organized and led the Asiatic Primate Expedition through northwest Tonkin and northern Laos to study gibbons.[5]<br /><br />Coolidge also studied at the University of Cambridge, England.[8] In 1933, he published the first detailed account of bonobos, elevating them to species rank (Pan paniscus). Ernst Schwarz had already published in 1929 a brief paper on them and had classified them as the subspecies Pan satyrus paniscus, based on a skull from the Belgian Congo discovered at a museum at Tervuren, Belgium. In 1982, twenty years after Schwarz's death, Coolidge claimed to have discovered that skull first and to have been "taxonomically scooped" by Schwarz.[9][10]<br /><br />During World War II, Coolidge served in the OSS,[2] where he developed, amongst other things, a chemical shark repellent.[1] He was awarded the Legion of Merit in 1945.[1]<br /><br />After the war, he became director of the Pacific Science Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a post he held until 1970. He was also a member of the U.S. delegation at the conference in Fontainebleau in France where the International Union for the Conservation of Nature was founded, and was elected its first vice-president. From 1966 to 1972, he served as IUCN president.[1] In 1961, he was also one of the founding directors of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF),[3] and a WWF International Board member from 1971 to 1978.[1] In 1980, Coolidge was awarded the J. Paul Getty Wildlife Conservation Prize for his work in nature conservation,[8] one of many awards he got throughout his career.[1]<br /><br />He died at the hospital in Beverly, Massachusetts of complications after a fall[2] and was buried at Thomas Jefferson's home, Monticello.[11]
== Publications ==
=== External Publications ===
Coolidge, H.J.: "A revision of the genus Gorilla", Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol 50, pp. 293–381, Harvard University 1929.<br /><br />Coolidge, H.J.: "Pan paniscus. Pigmy chimpanzee from south of the Congo river", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 18(1), pp. 1–59; July/September 1933. Contains a translation of Schwarz's earlier report.
=== House Publications ===
== Related Material Details ==
=== RAI Material ===
=== Other Material ===
| first_name = Harold Jefferson Jr ('Hal')
| name = Coolidge
| honorific_prefix =
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Coolidge,_Harold_Jefferson_Jr_('Hal').jpg
| birth_date = 1904
| death_date = 1985
| address = 303 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mass. USA<br />Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. [1933]
| occupation =
| elected_ESL =
| elected_ASL =
| elected_AI = 1928.06.19
| elected_APS =
| elected_LAS =
| membership = ordinary fellow
| left = 1933 last listed
| clubs =
| societies =
}}
== Notes ==
=== Office Notes ===
=== House Notes ===
1928.06.19 nominated and elected forthwith
=== Notes From Elsewhere ===
Harold Jefferson Coolidge Jr. (January 15, 1904[1] – February 15, 1985[2]) was an American zoologist and a founding director of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as well as of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).[3]<br />Coolidge was born in Boston, Massachusetts; his father Harold Jefferson Coolidge Sr. (1870–1934) was the brother of Archibald Cary Coolidge and Julian Coolidge.<br /><br />Coolidge studied at Milton Academy and at the University of Arizona before entering Harvard. Originally, he had wanted to become a diplomat, like his uncle Archibald Cary Coolidge, but he soon turned to biology, specializing in primatology.[4] After getting a B.S. from Harvard in 1927, he worked as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology.<br /><br />Coolidge participated in the Harvard Medical Expedition to Africa in 1926/27 to Liberia and the Belgian Congo, from where he brought back a large gorilla[5] that is still on display at the Museum of Comparative Zoology.[6] In 1929 he published "A revision of the genus Gorilla", which forms the basis of the modern taxonomy of the genus Gorilla.[7]<br /><br />Coolidge participated in the Kelley-Roosevelt Expedition to Asia in 1928/29,[5] and in 1937, he organized and led the Asiatic Primate Expedition through northwest Tonkin and northern Laos to study gibbons.[5]<br /><br />Coolidge also studied at the University of Cambridge, England.[8] In 1933, he published the first detailed account of bonobos, elevating them to species rank (Pan paniscus). Ernst Schwarz had already published in 1929 a brief paper on them and had classified them as the subspecies Pan satyrus paniscus, based on a skull from the Belgian Congo discovered at a museum at Tervuren, Belgium. In 1982, twenty years after Schwarz's death, Coolidge claimed to have discovered that skull first and to have been "taxonomically scooped" by Schwarz.[9][10]<br /><br />During World War II, Coolidge served in the OSS,[2] where he developed, amongst other things, a chemical shark repellent.[1] He was awarded the Legion of Merit in 1945.[1]<br /><br />After the war, he became director of the Pacific Science Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, a post he held until 1970. He was also a member of the U.S. delegation at the conference in Fontainebleau in France where the International Union for the Conservation of Nature was founded, and was elected its first vice-president. From 1966 to 1972, he served as IUCN president.[1] In 1961, he was also one of the founding directors of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF),[3] and a WWF International Board member from 1971 to 1978.[1] In 1980, Coolidge was awarded the J. Paul Getty Wildlife Conservation Prize for his work in nature conservation,[8] one of many awards he got throughout his career.[1]<br /><br />He died at the hospital in Beverly, Massachusetts of complications after a fall[2] and was buried at Thomas Jefferson's home, Monticello.[11]
== Publications ==
=== External Publications ===
Coolidge, H.J.: "A revision of the genus Gorilla", Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol 50, pp. 293–381, Harvard University 1929.<br /><br />Coolidge, H.J.: "Pan paniscus. Pigmy chimpanzee from south of the Congo river", American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 18(1), pp. 1–59; July/September 1933. Contains a translation of Schwarz's earlier report.
=== House Publications ===
== Related Material Details ==
=== RAI Material ===
=== Other Material ===